Differential diagnosis of antral pseudocyst, surgical ciliated cyst, and mucocele of the maxillary sinus

Introduction Pathologic alterations of the maxillary sinus, including antral pseudocysts, surgical ciliated cysts, and mucoceles of the maxillary sinus, may pose a diagnostic challenge. These conditions are often misdiagnosed, compromising the subsequent clinical and surgical approach. Although these lesions may present with similar clinical and imaginological features, their differential diagnosis is important for correct treatment planning owing to their distinct biological behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to report one case of each of these conditions, together with a discussion of their differential diagnosis and treatment plan.